Leaving no Tracks By Robert Griffing.

Leaving no Tracks By Robert Griffing.

https://lordnelsons.com/gallery/frontier/griffing/107LeavingNoTracks.htm

Something Splashing This Way Comes by John Buxton

Something Splashing This Way Comes by John Buxton

https://lordnelsons.com/gallery/frontier/buxton/66SomethingSplashing.htm

Trail food bags & containers.

Trail Food Bags & Containers.

 "I have travelled with neere 200. of them at once, neere 100. miles through the woods, every man carrying a little Basket of this [Nokehick] at his back, and sometimes in a hollow Leather Girdle about his middle, sufficient for a man three or foure daies. With this readie provision, and their Bow and Arrowes, are they ready for War, and tra∣vell at an houres warning. With a spoonfull of this meale and a spoonfullof water from the Brooke, have I made many a good dinner and supper."

A KEY into the LANGUAGE OF AMERICA By Roger Williams  1643. 
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A66450.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext

 If their imperious occasions cause them to travell, the best of their victuals for their journey is Nocake, (as they call it) which is nothing but Indian Corne parched in the hot ashes; the ashes being sifted from it, it is afterward beaten to powder, and put into a long leatherne bag, trussed at their backe like a knapsacke; out of which they take thrice three spoonefulls a day, dividing it into three meales. If it be in Winter, and Snow be on the ground, they can eate when they please, stopping Snow after their dusty victuals, which otherwise would feed them little better than a Tiburne halter. In Summer they must stay till they meete with a Spring or Brooke, where they may have water to prevent the imminent danger of choaking. With this strange viaticum they will travell foure or five daies together, with loads fitter for Elephants than men. But though they can fare so hardly abroad, at home their chaps must walke night and day as long as they have it. They keepe no set meales, their store being spent, they champe on the bit, till they meete with fresh supplies, either from their owne endeavours, or their wives industry, who trudge to the Clam-bankes when all other meanes faile. Though they be sometimes scanted, yet are they as free as Emperours, both to their Country-men and English, be he stranger, or neare acquaintance; counting it a great discourtesie, not to eate of their high-conceited delicates, and sup of their un-oat-meal'd broth, made thicke with Fishes, Fowles, and Beasts boyled all together; some remaining raw, the rest converted by over-much seething to a loathed mash, not halfe so good as Irish Boniclapper.

Chap. VI.

Of their dyet, cookery, meale-times, and hospitality at their Kettles.

The Project Gutenberg EBook of New Englands Prospect, by William Wood Wood's New England's Prospects 1634.

http://www.gutenberg.org/files/47082/47082-h/47082-h.htm

Frontier Art By David Wright.

Unnoticed Observers By David Wright.

https://lordnelsons.com/

Area Students Explore Living History

http://weeklyvillager.com/area-students-explore-living-history/

17C American Women: Women in 17C Virginia

17C American Women: Women in 17C Virginia: This is the Virginia of the  Native Americans,  that British American colonial women would have found in the early years of the 1600s.   ...

Hand-colored illustration of Theodor de Bry's (1528-1598) engraved illustration of the Native American village of Secoton, which accompanied the text of Thomas Hariot's book of 1588 entitled A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia.

Colonial Williamsburg plans tomahawk throwing range in Historic Area

Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has submitted a proposal to the city’s zoning board to construct a “tomahawk/axe throwing range” in the Historic Area at the old military encampment site at 311 East Nicholson Street.. (Courtesy Google Maps)

http://wydaily.com/2017/06/06/colonial-williamsburg-plans-tomahawk-throwing-range-in-historic-area-news/

Modern Period Art. The Newcomers By Robert Griffing.

The Newcomers By Robert Griffing.

http://www.lordnelsons.com/welcome.htm;

A Little Help from the Sun By Robert Griffing.

A Little Help from the Sun By Robert Griffing.

http://www.lordnelsons.com/welcome.htm

Foreign Trade By Pamela Patrick White.

Virginia Indians. A Link.

http://makinghistorynow.com/2015/10/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-virginia-indians/

More on Kettles, a Blog Link.

https://thehistoricfoodie.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/native-americans-and-the-use-of-brass-kettles/

Frontier Art. At The Rivers Edge By Robert Griffing.

Indian Trade Goods 1759.

Fifteen hundred ells of limbourg, half blue and half red
Six hundred ells of sempitemc
Fifty plumes of different colors
Fifty pairs of copper shoe-buckles
Twenty three-point blankets
Six hundred two-and-a-half-point blankets
Two hundred two-and-a-half-point Bazas blankets
Eight hundred trade shirts for men, as long in front as in the back
Three hundred fifty thirty-caliber trade guns·
Six thousand five hundred pounds of powder
Two hundred fifty ells of St. Jean cloth
Ten thousand gun flints
[fol. 328v] One thousand woodcutters’ knives
Twelve hundred clasp or Flatin knives with antler handles and dogs’ heads
Five hundred trade belts
Two thousand strike-a-lights
Five hundred seventy-six wooden combs
Four thousand pounds of flat iron for hatchets. pickaxes, and tomahawks
Four hundred pairs of ordinary scissors
Eighty pounds of iron wire of different thicknesses
Eighty pounds of brass wire which has not been annealed and in small rolls
Twenty-five dozen pewter,buttons
One hundred hats decorated with three-inch imitation silver braid
One hundred ordinary plain hats
Two thousand worms
Fifty lengths of scarlet woolen ribbon
Three thousand ells of gold and imitation silver lribbon}, half of it in braid
Fifty dozen buttons, gold and imitation silver, for suits. likewise half and half
Eighty pounds of vermilion, in pure powder. in small bags of one pound
Eighty pounds of red lead
Three hundred number 6 mirrors framed in leather
[fol. 329] One hundred fifty brass cauldrons, large and medium, no small, larger at the top than at the bottom
Fifty ells of scarlet cloth’
One hundred ells of well-chosen scarlet woolen cloth; that which has been sent previously being only a double linen serge
Fifty ells of red camelot
Five complete sets of fine gold buttons
Five of the same in silver
Two hundred ells of St. Jean cloth for lining suits and coats

Extraordinary Presents

Eight hundred ells of blue and red limbourg, half and half
Forty plumes of different colors
Two hundred two-and-a-half-point blankets
Six men’s trade shirts
One hundred fifty trade guns
Four thousand five hundred pounds of powder
Ten gross of woodcutters’ knives
Ten gross of wooden combs
Ten thousand gun flints
Twenty-four hats decorated with imitation silver braid
Twenty-four of the same, plain ‘
[fol. 329v] Three thousand worms
Fifty lengths of scarlet woolen ribbon
Three thousand strike-a-lights
Fifty trade belts
Four hundred number 6 mirrors framed in leather
Six hundred cocks for trade guns 10 •
Six hundred hammers for the same
Six hundred tumblers
Six hundred sear-springs, forged in one piece
Six hundred sears
Eight hundred large screws
Eight hundred cock screws
Twenty-four packets of assorted German files
Thirty-six half-round bastard files
Twenty-four of the same, bastard, flat
Twenty-four of the same, assorted fine
Twenty-four of the same, rat-tailed
Twenty-four of the same, rasps
Forty hundredweight of flat iron for hatchets, pickaxes, and tomahawks

For the Trade with the Choctaw Indians

Five thousand ells of limbourg, blue and red, half and half
[fol. 330] Fifteen hundred blankets of two and a half points
Six hundred three-point blankets
Twelve hundred two-and-a-half-point Bazas blankets
Two thousand six hundred men’s trade shirts, as long in the front as in the back
Four hundred women’s shirts
Five hundred cravats
Two hundred trade guns, thirty caliber
Six thousand pounds of powder
Three hundred lengths of scarlet woolen ribbon
One hundred fifty pounds of pure vermilion
Three hundred fifty pounds of red lead
Three hundred pounds of assorted round beads, particularly sky blue
Thirty gross of woodcutters’ knives
Ten thousand gun flints
Ten gross of trade scissors
Twenty gross of worms
Twenty gross of awls
Twenty gross of strike-a-lights
Six hundred number 6 mirrors {?mounted] in leather
Twenty-five gross of combs
Four hundred ells of blue and red Mazamet 12
{fol. 33ov] Eight hundred ells of sempiterne, blue, red, and plum
Six thousand sewing needles
Eight. thousand pounds of flat iron for hatchets, pickaxes, and tomahawks
Fifty pounds of assorted Rennes thread
One hundred fifty assorted brass cauldrons, large and medium, no small

For the Trade with the Alabama, Attacapa, Kickapoo, Mascouten, and Shawnee Indians

Two thousand ells of red and blue limbourg
Fifteen hundred two-and-a~half-point blankets
Four hundred three-point blankets
Six hundred two-and-a-half-point Bazas blankets
Two thousand five hundred men’s trade shirts
Five hundred women’s shirts
Four hundred trade guns, thirty caliber
Ten thousand pounds of powder
Four hundred lengths of scarlet woolen ribbon
One hundred fifty pounds of vermilion in small bags of one pound
One hundred fifty pounds of red lead
Thirty gross of woodcutters’ knives
[fo1. 33 x 1 Thirty gross of awls
Forty gross of worms
Six gross of wooden combs
Six thousand pounds of flat iron for hatchets, pickaxes, and tomahawks
Two hundred ells of blue and red Mazamet
Ten thousand gun flints
Four thousand sewing needles
Fifty pounds of assorted Rennes thread
Six gross of trade scissors
Fifteen hundred gross of clasp or Flatin knives with antler handles and dogs' heads
Four hundred trade belts
Three hundred cravats
Three hundred sixty number 6 mirrors {?mounted) in leather
Fifty brass cauldrons, large and medium, no s,mall

For the Projected Trade with the Cherokee Indians

Ten thousand ells of limbourg, half red and half blue
Three thousand two-and-a-half-point blankets
Twelve hundred three-point blankets
Ten thousand four hundred Bazas blankets
[fo1. 33 1 v] Five thousand two hundred men’s trade shirts, as long in back as in front
Eight hundred women’s shirts
A thousand cravats
Four hundred trade guns, thirty caliber
Twelve thousand pounds of powder for war
Six hundred lengths of scarlet woolen ribbon
Three hundred pounds of pure vermilion
Three hundred pounds of red lead
Six hundred pounds of assorted round beads
Sixty gross of woodcutters’ knives
Twenty thousand gun flints
Twenty gross of trade guns
Forty gross of worms
Forty gross of awls
Forty gross of strike-a-lights
Two hundred number 6 mirrors {?mounted} in leather
Fifty gross of combs
Eight hundred ells ofbiue and red Mazamet
Eight thousand pounds of fiat iron for hatchets. pickaxes, and tomahawks
Eight thousand pounds ditto for the same
Twelve thousand sewing needles
[fol. 332] One hundred pounds of assorted Rennes thread
Three hundred brass cauldrons, large and medium, no small

“Statement of arms, munition, food supplies and merchandise to be sent from France to Louisiana for the needs of the colony on the funds for the year 1759.”

Source: Rowland, Dunbar, A G. Sanders, and Patricia K. Galloway. Mississippi Provincial Archives: French Dominion. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984. Print. DOCUMENT 57, pp.228-232

ANNUAL PRESENTS THAT ARE GIVEN TO THE INDIANS

A List of Supplies for French and Indian Forces 1747.

By John Buxton.

 Following is a list of supplies issued to a French and Indian raiding party in the winter of 1747, which was led by Commander Boucher de Niverville. This list has been, in part, re-translated by the author

.

Supplies for the six militia men:

6 pounds of gunpowder in bags of one eighth of an ell

12 pounds of lead in bags

6 butcher knives

6 flint and steel with tinderbox and tinder

6 awls

36 musket flints 6 tumplines

6 bearskins

6 deerskins weighing 17 pounds

6 pair of ox hide shoes

6 tomahawks

4 ells of mazamet in 6 pairs of mittens and 6 pairs of socks

6 cotton shirts

6 pairs of snowshoes

6 toboggans

6 pairs of ice creepers

6 pounds of tobacco

Supplies for three cadets:

3 pounds of gunpowder

3 bearskins

6 pounds of lead and ball

3 deerskins weighing 8 pounds

3 butcher knives

3 folding knives

3 flint and steel and tinderbox with tinder

3 worms

3 awls

18 musket flints

3 tumplines

3 tomahawks

3 pounds of tobacco

2 ells of mazamet in 3 pairs of mittens and 3 pairs of ƒocks

3 ells of molten in 3 pairs of leggings

3 cotton shirts

3 pairs of snowshoes

3 toboggans

Supplies for commander Boucher de Niverville:

2 pounds of gunpowder

1 deerskin weighing three pounds

4 pounds of lead and ball

1 pair of ox hide shoes

2 butcher knives

1 tomahawk

1 folding knife

2 thirds of an ell of mazamet in one pair of mittens and one pair of socks

1 flint and steel and tinderbox with tinder

1 awl

1 ell of molton in one pair of leggings

1 worm

1 cotton shirt

6 musket flints

1 pair snowshoes

1 tumpline

1 pound of chocolate

1 bearskin

1 toboggan

2 pounds of tobacco

Supplies for the 45 Abenaki warriors

45 pounds of gunpowder in a keg

90 pounds of ball in two bags of one eighth of an ell

45 butcher knives

45 folding knives

45 flint and steel and tinderbox with tinder

45 worms

20 awls

200 gun flints

12 tumplines

10 untanned deerskins

20 tomahawks

200 arrow heads

45 deerskins weighing 121 pounds

10 pairs of snowshoes

15 ells of mazamet in 45 pairs of mittens

6 small crib blankets to make shoe liners

12 toboggans

50 pounds of tobacco

12 stone pipes

10 ells of molton in 10 pairs of leggings

22 ells of mazamet and 4 ounces of Rennes thread in 4 capotes

36 ells of Lyon linen in 12 shirts

6 - 2 and a half point blankets

12 crooked knives

4 pounds of vermilion

1 and a half ells of broadcloth in 6 breech cloths

4 uncovered kettles weighing 23 pounds

Supplies for 40 days for the whole party:

15 bushels of cornmeal in 55 bags of one quarter of an ell

400 pounds of salt pork and 400 pounds of hardtack in 14 sacks

1375 pounds of whole flour in 55 bags of one quarter of an ell

4 bushels of peas and 6 bushels of corn in 20 bags of half an ell

4 pots of brandy and 1 pot of wine in 3 casks

1 oilcloth

2 new muskets

6 small files

25 fish hooks

3 pots of cheap rum for Indians upon departure

6 pounds of rice in one bag of one quarter of an ell

Supplies for 24 Abenakis and Iroquois who have joined our party:

24 pounds of gunpowder in one bag of half an ell

48 pounds of lead and ball in one bag of one eighth of an ell

24 butcher knives

24 flint and steel and tinderbox with tinder

24 worms

24 awls

100 musket flints

15 pairs of snowshoes

10 tomahawks

5 large axes

24 deerskins weighing 65 pounds

6 toboggans

100 arrow heads

6 stone pipes

8 ells of mazamet in 24 pairs of mittens

3 crib blankets for shoe liners

24 pounds of tobacco

2 pounds of vermilion

2 muskets

1 kettle weighing nine and a half pounds

500 pounds of whole wheat flour in 24 bags of one quarter of an ell

4 small files

5 bushels of corn meal in 12 bags of one quarter of an ell

2 bushels of peas in 8 bags of one quarter of an ell

50 pounds of grease in 5 kegs

150 pounds of salt pork and 300 pounds of hardtack in 8 bags

48 pounds of beef

72 pounds of bread

1 pot of cheap rum

Reference (7).

The New World Woodsman. His clothing, tools and accoutrements. By Keith H. Burgess.

7)    France, Archives de Colonies series C11A, volume 117, folios 191v to 194, National Archives of Canada, microfilm f-118.

War of the American Indians : Documentary.

Alone Yet Not Alone. Trailer.

At The Gardens By Buxton.

At The Gardens By Buxton.

Native War Parties Along the Frontier (School of the Longhunter)

The Algonquins. Showing Woodland Indian Interpreters.